Journal
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
Volume 425, Issue -, Pages 321-328Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.06.286
Keywords
Atmospheric pressure plasma jet; Carbon nanotube; Supercapacitor; Nanoporous materials; Carbon cloth; Wettability
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan [MOST 105-2221-E-002-047-MY3]
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We use a dc-pulse nitrogen atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) to calcine carbon nanotubes (CNTs) pastes that are screen-printed on carbon cloth. 30-s APPJ treatment can efficiently oxidize and vaporize the organic binders, thereby forming porous structures. As indicated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), the oxygen content decreases after APPJ treatment owing to the oxidation and vaporization of ethyl cellulose, terpineol, and ethanol. Nitrogen doping was introduced to the materials by the nitrogen APPJ. APPJ-calcination improves the wettability of the CNTs printed on carbon cloth, as evidenced by water contact angle measurement. Raman spectroscopy indicates that reactive species of nitrogen APPJ react violently with CNTs in only 30-s APPJ processing time and introduce defects and/or surface functional groups on CNTs. Carbon cloths with calcined CNT layers are used as electrodes for liquid and quasi-solid-state electrolyte supercapacitors. Under a cyclic voltammetry test with a 2 mV/s potential scan rate, the specific capacitance is 73.84 F/g (areal capacitance = 5.89 mF/cm(2)) with a 2 M KCl electrolyte and 66.47 F/g (areal capacitance = 6.10 mF/cm(2)) with a H2SO4/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel electrolyte. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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