Journal
TISSUE ENGINEERING PART C-METHODS
Volume 23, Issue 10, Pages 604-615Publisher
MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC
DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0234
Keywords
angiogenesis; 3D printing; agarose; fibrinogen; type I collagen; tissue engineering
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Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn [FI 975/23-1, JO 764/4-1]
- Core Facility Two-Photon Imaging, [Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF Aachen)] within the Faculty of Medicine at RWTH Aachen University
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Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a promising technology for manufacturing cell-laden tissue-engineered constructs. Larger tissue substitutes, however, require a vascularized network to ensure nutrition supply. Therefore, tailored bioinks combining 3D printability and cell-induced vascularization are needed. We hypothesize that tailored hydrogel blends made of agarose-type I collagen and agarose-fibrinogen are 3D printable and will allow the formation of capillary-like structures by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human dermal fibroblasts. Samples were casted, incubated for 14 days, and analyzed by immunohistology and two-photon laser scanning microscopy. The 3D printability of the hydrogel blends was examined using a drop-on-demand printing system. The rheological behavior was also investigated. Substantial capillary network formation was observed in agarose-type I collagen hydrogel blends with concentrations of 0.2% or 0.5% collagen and 0.5% agarose. Furthermore, storage moduli of agarose-collagen blends were significantly increased compared to those of the corresponding single components (448 Pa for 0.5% agarose, 148 Pa for 0.5% collagen, and 1551 Pa for 0.5% agarose-0.5% collagen). Neither the addition of collagen nor fibrinogen significantly impaired the printing resolution. In conclusion, we present a tailored hydrogel blend that can be printed in 3D and in parallel exhibits cell-induced vascularization capability.
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