Isolable C@Fe3O4 nanospheres supported cubical Pd nanoparticles as reusable catalysts for Stille and Mizoroki-Heck coupling reactions

Cubical Pd nanoparticles incorporated magnetic nanospheres (Pd cNPs/C@Fe3O4) are found to be efficient catalysts for Stille and Mizoroki-Heck coupling reactions. A variety of aryl halides, including chlorides, are converted to biaryls and diphenylethenes with excellent yield and high TON. This immobilization of Pd cNPs on the surface C@Fe3O4 results in structurally stable catalytic sites. The observed enhanced catalytic activity is attributed to the high density of low-coordinated Pd {1 0 0} atoms present at the surface of the Pd cNPs/C@Fe3O4 catalyst. The advantages of the proposed catalytic system are its heterogeneity, high stability, absence of any toxic ligands, gram scale applicability, magnetic separability and consequent reusability. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.