A new multifunctional hydroxytyrosol-fenofibrate with antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant and antiinflammatory action

Dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation are major risky factors involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Multifunctional intervene is more meaningful. The aim of this study was to evaluate the multifunctional effects of two new compounds, combination of fenofibric acid (FA) with tyrosol (T) or hydroxytyrosol (HT). Compared with fenofibrate (FF), FF-HT exhibited excellent antioxidant capacities in vitro and much improved hypolipidemia, reducing plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and malonaldehyde (MDA) by 76%, 54%, and 28%, while FF-T decreased the plasma parameters by 16%, 10%, and 20% in hyperlipidemic mice induced by Triton WR 1339. Furthermore, compound FF-HT exhibited significant antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as well as attenuating hepatotoxicity in a type 2 diabetes experimental mouse model. The histological findings showed that FF-HT suppressed the development of hepatic lipid accumulation and ameliorated the damage in hepatic and pancreatic tissues compared to model mice. This study indicates for the first time that reasonable optimized drug design produce a compound entity which is conducive to the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications.