Open Resonator Electric Spaser

The inception of the plasmonic laser or spaser (surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) concept in 2003 provides a solution for overcoming the diffraction limit of electromagnetic waves in miniaturization of traditional lasers into the nanoscale. From then on, many spaser designs have been proposed. However, all existing designs use closed resonators. In this work, we use cavity quantum electrodynamics analysis to theoretically demonstrate that it is possible to design an electric spaser with an open resonator or a closed resonator with much weak feedback in the extreme quantum limit in an all-carbon platform. A carbon nanotube quantum dot plays the role of a gain element, and Coulomb blockade is observed. Graphene nanoribbons are used as the resonator, and surface plasmon polariton field distribution with quantum electrodynamics features can be observed. From an engineering perspective, our work makes preparations for integrating spasers into nanocircuits and/or photodynamic therapy applications.