Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
Volume 34, Issue 4, Pages 754-760Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/etc.2780
Keywords
Ecological risk assessment; Metal bioavailability; Salmonids; Chemical mixtures; Windermere humic aqueous model
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Funding
- Promotion of Science (JSPS) Research Fellowships for Young Scientists [11J09736]
- JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research Abroad
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [11J09736] Funding Source: KAKEN
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The authors tested the applicability of a previously developed biotic ligand model (BLM) to predict acute toxicity of single metals and metal mixtures (cadmium, lead, and zinc) to rainbow trout fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from a single available dataset. The BLM used in the present study hypothesizes that metals inhibit an essential cation (calcium) and organisms die as a result of its deficiency, leading to an assumption that the proportion of metal-binding ligand (f) is responsible for the toxic effects of metals on the survival of rainbow trout. The f value is a function of free-ion concentrations of metals computed by a chemical speciation model, and the function has affinity constants as model parameters. First, the survival effects of single metals were statistically modeled separately (i.e., f-survival relationship) by using the generalized linear mixed model with binomial distribution. The modeled responses of survival rates to f overlapped reasonably irrespective of metals tested, supporting the theoretical prediction from the BLM that f-survival relationships are comparable regardless of metal species. The authors thus developed the generalized linear mixed model based on all data pooled across the single-metal tests. The best-fitted model well predicted the survival responses observed in mixture tests (r=0.97), providing support for the applicability of the BLM to predict effects of metal mixtures. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:754-760. (c) 2014 SETAC
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