Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
Volume 34, Issue 3, Pages 626-639Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/etc.2849
Keywords
Sediment toxicity; Freshwater mussels; Mining; Reference envelope; Laboratory-field comparison
Categories
Funding
- US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
- US Department of the Interior's Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration Program
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Sediment toxicity tests compared chronic effects on survival, growth, and biomass of juvenile freshwater mussels (28-d exposures with Lampsilis siliquoidea) to the responses of standard test organismsamphipods (28-d exposures with Hyalella azteca) and midges (10-d exposures with Chironomus dilutus)in sediments from 2 lead-zinc mining areas: the Tri-State Mining District and Southeast Missouri Mining District. Mussel tests were conducted in sediments sieved to <0.25mm to facilitate recovery of juvenile mussels (2-4 mo old). Sediments were contaminated primarily with lead, zinc, and cadmium, with greater zinc and cadmium concentrations in Tri-State sediments and greater lead concentrations in southeast Missouri sediments. The frequency of highly toxic responses (reduced 10% or more relative to reference sites) in Tri-State sediments was greatest for amphipod survival (25% of samples), midge biomass (20%), and mussel survival (14%). In southeast Missouri sediments, the frequency of highly toxic samples was greatest for mussel biomass (25%) and amphipod biomass (13%). Thresholds for metal toxicity to mussels, expressed as hazard quotients based on probable effect concentrations, were lower for southeast Missouri sediments than for Tri-State sediments. Southeast Missouri sites with toxic sediments had 2 or fewer live mussel taxa in a concurrent mussel population survey, compared with 7 to 26 taxa at reference sites. These results demonstrate that sediment toxicity tests with juvenile mussels can be conducted reliably by modifying existing standard methods; that the sensitivity of mussels to metals can be similar to or greater than standard test organisms; and that responses of mussels in laboratory toxicity tests are consistent with effects on wild mussel populations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:626-639. (c) 2014 SETAC
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