Journal
BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
Volume 31, Issue 6, Pages 657-668Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2017.09.008
Keywords
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Helicobacter; Gastrointestinal microbiome
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Funding
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Australia Early Career fellowship [APP1111461]
- Cancer Australia priority-driven collaborative cancer research grant [1129488]
- Cancer Institute NSW Career Development Fellowship [15/CDF/1-11]
- Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia [UM.C/625/HIR/MOHE/CHAN/13/1]
- University of New South Wales
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. It is well-accepted that gut dysbiosis is associated with NAFLD, however, there is some conflicting evidence regarding the nature of these alterations. Infection with Helicobacter species, mainly H. pylori, has also been associated with increased NAFLD risk, however, some studies have failed to reproduce this finding. Further studies including large study samples and standardised procedures for microbiota analyses, H. pylori detection and NAFLD diagnostic criteria, are required. The mechanisms involving Helicobacter species and the intestinal microbiome in NAFLD pathogenesis appear to be part of the multiple hit theory, in which increased intestinal permeability, inflammatory responses, altered choline, bile acids and carbohydrate metabolism, production of short-chain fatty acids, urea cycle and urea transport systems, altered maintenance of hepatic gamma delta T-17 cells, insulin resistance, hormones secreted by the adipose tissue, metabolic hormones, bacterial metabolites and Helicobacter toxins, are all implicated. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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