Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
Volume 36, Issue 15, Pages 1876-1883Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1014864
Keywords
ultrasound; ozone; degradation; advanced oxidation processes; emerging contaminants
Categories
Funding
- Italian Ministry of foreign Affairs
- Tubitak [111Y303]
- Italian Ministry of University in the PRIN project
- FARB project of the University of Salerno
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In search of new options to achieve removal of pharmaceuticals in the environment, combined ultrasound and ozonation has become a focus of intense investigation for wastewater treatment. In this study, three pharmaceuticals were selected as model compounds for degradation experiments: diclofenac (DCF), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and carbamazepine (CBZ). Comparison of the degradation rates for both ozonation and combined ultrasound/ozonation treatments was performed on single synthetic solutions as well as on a mixture of the selected pharmaceuticals, under different experimental conditions. For single synthetic solutions, the efficiency removal for ozonation reached 73%, 51% and 59% after 40 min for DCF, SMX and CBZ, respectively. Comparable results were obtained for pharmaceuticals in mixture. However, the combined ultrasound/ozone treatment was found to increase degradation efficiencies for both DCF and SMX single solutions up to 94% and 61%, respectively, whereas lower removal yields, up to 56%, was noted for CBZ. Likewise, when the combined treatment was applied to the mixture, relatively low removal efficiencies was found for CBZ (44%) and 90% degradation yield was achieved for DCF.
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