Journal
AUGMENTED REALITY, VIRTUAL REALITY, AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS, AVR 2017, PT I
Volume 10324, Issue -, Pages 339-355Publisher
SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60922-5_27
Keywords
Educational robotics; Augmented reality; Pedagogical virtual machine; Human factors; User evaluation; Embedded computing
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In today's digital world, the use of diverse interconnected physical computer-based devices, typified by the Internet-of-Things, has increased, leaving their internal functionalities hidden from people. In education, these hidden computational processes leave learners with a vagueness that obscures how these physical devices function and communicate in order to produce the high-level behaviours and actions they observe. The current approach to revealing these hidden worlds involves the use of debugging tools, visualisation, simulation, or augmented-reality views. Even when such advanced technologies are utilised, they fail to construct a meaningful view of the hidden worlds that relate to the learning context, leaving learners with formidable challenges to understanding the operation of these deep technologies. Therefore, a pedagogical virtual machine (PVM) model was employed to evaluate the learning effectiveness of the proposed model. We presented the experimental evaluation of the PVM model with AR that concerned students learning to program a desk-based robot (which is used as an example of an embedded computer) and reveal the learning effectiveness of using PVM with AR compared to traditional engineering laboratory methods. Overall, the PVM with AR improved learning and teaching, as compared to traditional environments, and learners preferred the use of the PVM with AR system for doing similar activities.
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