Chemical sensors from the cooperative actuation of multistep electrochemical molecular machines of polypyrrole: Voltammetric study

Here we present the evolution of the reversible voltammetric charge from a polypyrrole film in aqueous solutions of NaCl as a function of the salt concentration. The amplitude of the electrochemical reaction involving conformational movements of the reacting polymeric chains (multistep polymeric motors) is a function of the available chemical energy: the salt concentration here. The reaction voltammetric charge acts as a sensor of the electrolyte concentration. A theoretical description of the attained results is presented getting the sensing equation. The results could describe why haptic muscles sense the fatigue state of the muscle. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.