Journal
NEPHRON
Volume 137, Issue 1, Pages 1-7Publisher
KARGER
DOI: 10.1159/000476074
Keywords
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; Uremic toxins; Inflammation; Chronic kidney disease
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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in the expression of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules. Uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate and indole acetic acid are derived from tryptophan fermentation by gut microbiota; they accumulate in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on haemodialysis and have recently emerged as potent ligands of AhR. Therefore, AhR can serve as a mediator in inflammation and cardiovascular diseases in these patients. This review discusses current data that support a link between AhR activation and uremic toxins from gut microbiota in CKD. (C) 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel
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