Journal
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
Volume 135, Issue -, Pages 368-374Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.10.007
Keywords
Heavy metal; Contamination; Remediation; Acid washing; Soil exoenzyme; PCA
Categories
Funding
- GALA Project - Korea Ministry of Environment [2014000560001]
- Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning [2016R1A2B3010445, 2015R1D1A1A01059664]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2015R1D1A1A01059664] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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It is essential to remediate or amend soils contaminated with various heavy metals or pollutants so that the soils may be used again safely. Verifying that the remediated or amended soils meet soil quality standards is an important part of the process. We estimated the activity levels of eight soil exoenzymes (acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, catalase, dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolase, protease, urease, and B-glucosidase) in contaminated and remediated soils from two sites near a non-ferrous metal smelter, using colorimetric and titrimetric determination methods. Our results provided the levels of activity of soil exoenzymes that indicate soil health. Most enzymes showed lower activity levels in remediated soils than in contaminated soils, with the exception of protease and urease, which showed higher activity after remediation in some soils, perhaps due to the limited nutrients available in remediated soils. Soil exoenzymes showed significantly higher activity in soils from one of the sites than from the other, due to improper conditions at the second site, including high pH, poor nutrient levels, and a high proportion of sand in the latter soil. Principal component analysis revealed that Bglucosidase was the best indicator of soil ecosystem health, among the enzymes evaluated. We recommend using beta-glucosidase enzyme activity as a prior indicator in estimating soil ecosystem health.
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