Journal
SEMINARS IN NEUROLOGY
Volume 37, Issue 5, Pages 510-537Publisher
THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608808
Keywords
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); positron emission tomography (PET); diffusion tensor imaging (DTI); neurodegenerative disease
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Funding
- NIA NIH HHS [K24 AG045333, T32 AG023481, R01 AG032306] Funding Source: Medline
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Although the diagnosis of dementia still is primarily based on clinical criteria, neuroimaging is playing an increasingly important role. This is in large part due to advances in techniques that can assist with discriminating between different syndromes. Magnetic resonance imaging remains at the core of differential diagnosis, with specific patterns of cortical and subcortical changes having diagnostic significance. Recent developments in molecular PET imaging techniques have opened the door for not only antemortem but early, even preclinical, diagnosis of underlying pathology. This is vital, as treatment trials are underway for pharmacological agents with specific molecular targets, and numerous failed trials suggest that earlier treatment is needed. This article provides an overview of classic neuroimaging findings as well as new and cutting-edge research techniques that assist with clinical diagnosis of a range of dementia syndromes, with an emphasis on studies using pathologically proven cases.
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