Journal
AUTOPHAGY
Volume 13, Issue 5, Pages 781-819Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1290751
Keywords
autophagy; Beclin 1; cancer therapy; colorectal cancer; ER-stress; GRP78; unfolded protein response
Categories
Funding
- University of Manitoba
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC)
- MITACS
- NCN [2016/21/B/NZ1/02812]
- Manitoba Medical Service Foundation
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Colorectal cancer (CRC), despite numerous therapeutic and screening attempts, still remains a major life-threatening malignancy. CRC etiology entails both genetic and environmental factors. Macroautophagy/autophagy and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are fundamental mechanisms involved in the regulation of cellular responses to environmental and genetic stresses. Both pathways are interconnected and regulate cellular responses to apoptotic stimuli. In this review, we address the epidemiology and risk factors of CRC, including genetic mutations leading to the occurrence of the disease. Next, we discuss mutations of genes related to autophagy and the UPR in CRC. Then, we discuss how autophagy and the UPR are involved in the regulation of CRC and how they associate with obesity and inflammatory responses in CRC. Finally, we provide perspectives for the modulation of autophagy and the UPR as new therapeutic options for CRC treatment.
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