Journal
BEHAVIOUR
Volume 154, Issue 2, Pages 241-266Publisher
BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1163/1568539X-00003420
Keywords
activity patterns; interference; coexistence; community-level interactions; camera-trapping
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Funding
- Val Grande National Park
- project Il Lupo in Liguria (The wolf in Liguria)
- Dept. of Biosciences of the University of Milan
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Most studies focused on species coexistence have been directed at the differential use of habitat and food resources; nonetheless, the differential use of the diel cycle may enhance the coexistence of same-sized species. We investigated the activity patterns of mesocarnivores (red fox (Vulpes vulpes), European badger (Meles meles), pine marten (Martes martes), stone marten (M. foina)) in NW Italy via camera-trapping. We hypothesized that the smallest species would tend to avoid competition by selecting time periods when larger species were less active. Foxes, badgers, and stone martens were mainly nocturnal. In lowland areas overlap between coexisting species was generally low, while in Mediterranean habitats all activity patterns tended to be unimodal and overlap was generally high. The pine marten showed a cathemeral pattern. We suggest that the lower ability of the stone marten to avoid interference competition at community-level may play a major role in determining its widespread exclusion from forested areas by the pine marten.
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