Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 587, Issue -, Pages 510-521Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.203
Keywords
Sludge reduction; Pretreatment; Waste activated sludge; Methane; Anaerobic digestion; Wastewater treatment plants
Categories
Funding
- Australian Research Council through Discovery Project [DP170102812]
- Linkage Project [LP130100361]
- Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award [DE160100667]
- Philanthropic Grant [GE12015]
- Australian Research Council [LP130100361] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
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This review presents the state-of-the-art sludge reduction technologies applied in both wastewater and sludge treatment lines. They include chemical, mechanical, thermal, electrical treatment, addition of chemical uncoupler, and predation of protozoa/metazoa in wastewater treatment line, and physical, chemical and biological pretreatment in sludge treatment line. Emphasis was put on their effect on sludge reduction performance, with 10% sludge reduction to zero sludge production in wastewater treatment line and enhanced TS (total solids) or volatile solids removal of 5-40% in sludge treatment line. Free nitrous acid (FNA) technology seems good in wastewater treatment line but it is only under the lab-scale trial. In sludge treatment line, thermal, ultrasonic (< 4400 kJ/kg TS), FNA pretreatment and temperature-phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD) are promising if pathogen inactivation is not a concern. However, thermal pretreatment and TPAD are superior to other pretreatment technologies when pathogen inactivation is required. The new wastewater treatment processes including SANI (R), high-rate activated sludge coupled autotrophic nitrogen removal and anaerobic membrane bioreactor coupled autotrophic nitrogen removal also have a great potential to reduce sludge production. In the future, an effort should be put on the effect of sludge reduction technologies on the removal of organic micropollutants and heavy metals. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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