Treatment of anaerobic digestate supernatant in microbial fuel cell coupled constructed wetlands: Evaluation of nitrogen removal, electricity generation, and bacterial community response

The objective of this study was to assess whether the improved configuration of vertical upflow constructed wetlands (CWs) coupled with aeration in the centre part and effluent recirculation can strengthen the treatment performance of high strength anaerobic digestate supernatant Moreover, electricity generation and bacterial community characteristics were also examined. The results indicated that intermittent aeration in vertical upflow CWs significantly enhanced organic matter (>69%, 214-401 g/m(2) d) and ammonium (>92%, 62-138 g/m(2) d) removal, regardless of aeration position. However, the removal efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) was limited to 24%-40%. Effluent recirculation was examined to enhance TN removal up to 69% in the central aerated CW, as compared to 44% observed in the bottom aerated CW. Accordingly, significantly higher abundances of denitrifiers (nirK and nirS) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria (anammox) were found in the bottom layer of the central aerated CW. In addition, the central aerated CW coupled with effluent recirculation generated significantly higher electricity (maximum power density of 112 mW/m(2)) than traditional bottom aerated CWs when integrated with a microbial fuel cell (MFC). Results confirmed the application potential of this new configuration of upflow CW integrated with central aeration and effluent recirculation. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.