Journal
ADDICTION RESEARCH & THEORY
Volume 26, Issue 1, Pages 71-76Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2017.1311877
Keywords
Ethanol; cannabis; smoke; tobacco; reward; co-use
Categories
Funding
- NIH National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) [K23 DA032578, P50 DA09253]
- NIDA [T32 DA007250, F32 DA042554]
- California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (TRDRP) [25FT-0009]
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Background: Among young adults, cigarette smoking is strongly associated with alcohol and marijuana use. The present study compared self-reported co-use of cigarettes and alcohol versus cigarettes and marijuana among young adults using cross-sectional survey data.Methods: Participants were young adult cigarette smokers (age 18 to 25) who also reported past month alcohol or marijuana use enrolled in a randomized trial testing a smoking cessation intervention on Facebook. Participants self-reported extent of cigarette smoking under the influence of alcohol or marijuana and differences in perceived pleasure from cigarette smoking when drinking alcohol compared to using marijuana.Results: Among cigarette smokers who drank alcohol and used marijuana in the past month (n=200), a similar percentage of cigarettes were smoked under the influence of alcohol (42.4%31.2%) and marijuana (43.1%+/- 30.0%). Among alcohol+marijuana users, perceived pleasure from smoking cigarettes was significantly greater when drinking alcohol versus when using marijuana (t((199))=7.05, p<.001). There was, on average, an increase in perceived pleasure from smoking cigarettes when drinking alcohol, though perceived pleasure did not differ by binge drinking frequency. In contrast, there was on average no change in perceived pleasure from smoking cigarettes when using marijuana. Results from the cigarette smokers who used alcohol+marijuana were similar to cigarette smokers who only used alcohol (n=158) or only used marijuana (n=54).Conclusion: Findings highlight greater perceived reward from smoking cigarettes when drinking alcohol compared to when using marijuana, informing smoking cessation interventions that target users of multiple substances.
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