Advances in dielectric elastomer actuation technology

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) have attracted much interest over the past decades due to the inherent flexibility, large strain, high efficiency, high energy density, and fast response of the material, which are known as one of the most promising candidates for artificial muscle. In this paper, we first introduce the actuation principle and electromechanical modeling approaches of dielectric elastomers (DEs). Then, the performance of different DEs material and existing compliant electrodes that are widely utilized for DEAs are presented. We also highlight the compatibility of DEs, which is suitable for a variety of actuator designs and applications. Lastly, we summarize the challenges and future development in terms of electromechanical modeling, improvement of materials including compliant electrodes and dielectric elastomer, designs and applications of novel dielectric elastomer actuators.