Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 358, Issue 6363, Pages 655-658Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aao1887
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Funding
- National Key RAMP
- D Program of China [2016YFE0203700]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB13000000, QYZDB-SS W-DQCO03, XDPB05]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [91731303, 41672021, 41630102]
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute [55008731]
- U.S. National Science Foundation [BCS-1032255]
- investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- U.S. National Institutes of Health [NIH R01HGO02385]
- European Research Council [694707]
- Max Planck Foundation [31-12LMP Paabo]
- National Key RAMP
- D Program of China [2016YFE0203700]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB13000000, QYZDB-SS W-DQCO03, XDPB05]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [91731303, 41672021, 41630102]
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute [55008731]
- U.S. National Science Foundation [BCS-1032255]
- investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- U.S. National Institutes of Health [NIH R01HGO02385]
- European Research Council [694707]
- Max Planck Foundation [31-12LMP Paabo]
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To date, the only Neandertal genome that has been sequenced to high quality is from an individual found in Southern Siberia. We sequenced the genome of a female Neandertal from similar to 50,000 years ago from Vindija Cave, Croatia, to similar to 30-fold genomic coverage. She carried 1.6 differences per 10,000 base pairs between the two copies of her genome, fewer than present-day humans, suggesting that Neandertal populations were of small size. Our analyses indicate that she was more closely related to the Neandertals that mixed with the ancestors of present-day humans living outside of sub-Saharan Africa than the previously sequenced Neandertal from Siberia, allowing 10 to 20% more Neandertal DNA to be identified in present-day humans, including variants involved in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, schizophrenia, and other diseases.
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