Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 356, Issue 6333, Pages 82-+Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aal4657
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Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- European Research Council [NITRICARE 294343]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P27319-B21]
- John Templeton Foundation
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P27319] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
- National Research Foundation of Korea [21A20130011104] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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The discovery of giant viruses blurred the sharp division between viruses and cellular life. Giant virus genomes encode proteins considered as signatures of cellular organisms, particularly translation system components, prompting hypotheses that these viruses derived from a fourth domain of cellular life. Here we report the discovery of a group of giant viruses (Klosneuviruses) in metagenomic data. Compared with other giant viruses, the Klosneuviruses encode an expanded translation machinery, including aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetases with specificities for all 20 amino acids. Notwithstanding the prevalence of translation system components, comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of these genes indicates that Klosneuviruses did not evolve from a cellular ancestor but rather are derived from a much smaller virus through extensive gain of host genes.
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