Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 358, Issue 6362, Pages 506-510Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aam6014
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Funding
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program
- National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship
- Stanford Graduate Fellowship
- German Research Foundation (DFG) [BU 2875/2-1]
- U.S. Department of Energy, under Battery Materials Research Program
- U.S. Department of Energy, under Battery 500 Consortium Programs
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Whereas standard transmission electron microscopy studies are unable to preserve the native state of chemically reactive and beam-sensitive battery materials after operation, such materials remain pristine at cryogenic conditions. It is then possible to atomically resolve individual lithium metal atoms and their interface with the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). We observe that dendrites in carbonate-based electrolytes grow along the <111>(preferred), <110>, or <211> directions as faceted, single-crystalline nanowires. These growth directions can change at kinks with no observable crystallographic defect. Furthermore, we reveal distinct SEI nanostructures formed in different electrolytes.
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