Journal
CATALYSIS LETTERS
Volume 148, Issue 1, Pages 348-358Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10562-017-2241-z
Keywords
Catalytic transfer hydrogenation; Levulinic acid; gamma-Valerolactone; Base metal supported catalyst; Formic acid; NH3-TPD; H-2-TPR
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Vapor phase catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of aqueous levulinic acid (LA) with formic acid as hydrogen source over different copper catalysts is reported. The Cu-SiO2 showed the highest LA conversion (56%) and selectivity to gamma-valerolactone (GVL, 87%) at 250 degrees C. Analysis indicates that the presence of acid sites are responsible for the cleavage of C-O bonds forming angelicalactone intermediate followed by its hydrogenation to GVL over copper species. Even though the acid sites are necessary a quantitative correlation between acid sites and LA conversion was not observed. Characterization indicated that the higher conversion over Cu-SiO2 can be related to metal support interaction as evident from higher reduction temperature of copper species in H-2-TPR compared to other catalysts.
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