Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 358, Issue 6366, Pages 1046-1050Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aan8260
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Funding
- NSF [OCE-1232982, OCE-1335810, EF-0826924]
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Community Science Program [620]
- Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- Austrian Science Fund [1486-B09, Z194-B17]
- European Research Council under the European Community [268595]
- G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation
- Ambrose Monell Foundation
- Tula Foundation
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Canada Foundation for Innovation
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [24370015]
- French ANR
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Carbon fixation by chemoautotrophic microorganisms in the dark ocean has a major impact on global carbon cycling and ecological relationships in the ocean's interior, but the relevant taxa and energy sources remain enigmatic. We show evidence that nitrite-oxidizing bacteria affiliated with the Nitrospinae phylum are important in dark ocean chemoautotrophy. Single-cell genomics and community metagenomics revealed that Nitrospinae are the most abundant and globally distributed nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in the ocean. Metaproteomics and metatranscriptomics analyses suggest that nitrite oxidation is the main pathway of energy production in Nitrospinae. Microautoradiography, linked with catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization, indicated that Nitrospinae fix 15 to 45% of inorganic carbon in the mesopelagic western North Atlantic. Nitrite oxidation may have a greater impact on the carbon cycle than previously assumed.
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