Journal
MARINE POLICY
Volume 89, Issue -, Pages 100-108Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.12.010
Keywords
Gelatinous zooplankton; Jellyfish; Monitoring; Trawl; Marine management; MSFD
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Funding
- French Ministry of Environment, Energy, and the Sea (MEEM)
- French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS-INEE)
- French National Museum of Natural History (MNHN)
- French Ministry of Environment, Energy, and the Sea (MEEM) as part of the MSFD
- EU project DEVOTES [308392]
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Gelatinous zooplankton, including cnidarians, ctenophores, and tunicates (appendicularians, pyrosomes, salps and doliolids), are often overlooked by scientific studies, ecosystem assessments and at a management level. Despite the important economic consequences that they can have on human activities and on the marine food web, arguments often related to the costs of monitoring or their coordination, or simply negligence, have resulted in the absence of relevant monitoring programs. A cost-effective protocol has been applied on trawling from existing fishery surveys conducted by national laboratories in England and France. The testing phase has successfully demonstrated the adequacy of such a tool to sample macro- and mega-zooplankton gelatinous organisms in a cost-effective way. This success has led to the acceptance of this protocol into the French implementation of the EU's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Here, a protocol which can be applied to any trawl-based fishery survey and in any new large-scale monitoring program is provided. As an ecosystem approach to marine management is currently adopted, exemplified by the MSFD in Europe, gelatinous zoo plankton should be monitored correctly to prevent a knowledge gap and bias to ecosystem assessments in future.
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