Journal
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
Volume 38, Issue 1, Pages 133-140Publisher
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0547-4
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease (AD); Inflammatory degeneration; microRNA (miRNA); Nutrition; Plant miRNA; Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs); Viroids
Categories
Funding
- Research to Prevent Blindness (RPB)
- Louisiana Biotechnology Research Network (LBRN)
- NIH [NEI EY006311, NIA AG18031, NIA AG038834]
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microRNAs (miRNAs) comprise a class of similar to 18-25 nucleotide (nt) single-stranded non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) that are the smallest known carriers of gene-encoded, post-transcriptional regulatory information in both plants and animals. There are many fundamental similarities between plant and animal miRNAs-the miRNAs of both kingdoms play essential roles in development, aging and disease, and the shaping of the transcriptome of many cell types. Both plant and animal miRNAs appear to predominantly exert their genetic and transcriptomic influences by regulating gene expression at the level of messenger RNA (mRNA) stability and/or translational inhibition. Certain miRNA species, such as miRNA-155, miRNA-168, and members of the miRNA-854 family may be expressed in both plants and animals, suggesting a common origin and functional selection of specific miRNAs over vast periods of evolution (for example, Arabidopsis thaliana-Homo sapiens divergence similar to 1.5 billion years). Although there is emerging evidence for cross-kingdom miRNA communication-that plant-enriched miRNAs may enter the diet and play physiological and/or pathophysiological roles in human health and disease-some research reports repudiate this possibility. This research paper highlights some recent, controversial, and remarkable findings in plant- and animal-based miRNA signaling research with emphasis on the intriguing possibility that dietary miRNAs and/or sncRNAs may have potential to contribute to both intra- and inter-kingdom signaling, and in doing so modulate molecular-genetic mechanisms associated with human health and disease.
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