Journal
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Volume 30, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704407
Keywords
actuators; artificial muscles; high-performance actuators; novel artificial muscles
Categories
Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Alexander Graham Bell Graduate Fellowship
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The area of artificial muscle is a highly interdisciplinary field of research that has evolved rapidly in the last 30 years. Recent advances in nanomaterial fabrication and characterization, specifically carbon nanotubes and nanowires, have had major contributions in the development of artificial muscles. However, what can artificial muscles really do for humans? This question is considered here by first examining nature's solutions to this design problem and then discussing the structure, actuation mechanism, applications, and limitations of recently developed artificial muscles, including highly oriented semicrystalline polymer fibers; nanocomposite actuators; twisted nanofiber yarns; thermally activated shape-memory alloys; ionic-polymer/metal composites; dielectric-elastomer actuators; conducting polymers; stimuli-responsive gels; piezoelectric, electrostrictive, magnetostrictive, and photostrictive actuators; photoexcited actuators; electrostatic actuators; and pneumatic actuators.
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