Journal
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
Volume 77, Issue 8, Pages 555-567Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2017.1379090
Keywords
Vitamin K; neoplasm; steroid and xenobiotic receptor; apoptosis; PIVKA-II; anticoagulants; osteocalcin; matrix Gla protein; growth arrest-specific protein 6; cell cycle checkpoints
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Subclinical vitamin K deficits refer to carboxylation defects of different types of vitamin K-dependent hepatic and extrahepatic so-called Gla proteins without prolongation of the prothrombin time. This condition has been reported in different clinical situations due to insufficient supply or malabsorption of vitamin K as well as drug interactions. This review discusses the effects of different vitamin K subspecies on tumour growth and the possible anti-tumour effects of increased vitamin K intake. Blocking carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins with warfarin anticoagulation - what are the risks/benefits for carcinogenesis? Previous studies on both heparin and low molecular weight heparin blocking of the vitamin K-dependent factors X and II have shown tumour suppressive effects. Vitamin K has anti-inflammatory effects that could also impact carcinogenesis, but little data exists on this subject.
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