Ligand-free Mizoroki-heck reaction using reusable modified graphene oxide-supported Pd(0) nanoparticles

Palladium nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide surfaces modified with metformin was found to be an effective and recyclable nanocatalyst in Mizoroki-Heck coupling reactions under aerobic conditions without requiring any phosphine or ligand coordination. Excellent product yields were achieved with a wide variety of substrates and the catalyst could be recycled seven times without any noticeable loss of its catalytic activity.