Journal
RNA BIOLOGY
Volume 14, Issue 9, Pages 1209-1222Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1295204
Keywords
Anticodon wobble base; mRNA translation; protein homeostasis; RNases; stress responses; tRNA modification
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Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SCHA 750/15, SCHA 750/18, SCHA 750/19, SPP1784, SCHA 750/20, LE 3260/2, SPP1927, SCHA 750/21]
- European Research Council [ERC-2012-StG 310489-tRNAmodi]
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Wobble uridines (U-34) are generally modified in all species. U-34 modifications can be essential in metazoans but are not required for viability in fungi. In this review, we provide an overview on the types of modifications and how they affect the physico-chemical properties of wobble uridines. We describe the molecular machinery required to introduce these modifications into tRNA posttranscriptionally and discuss how posttranslational regulation may affect the activity of the modifying enzymes. We highlight the activity of anticodon specific RNases that target U-34 containing tRNA. Finally, we discuss how defects in wobble uridine modifications lead to phenotypes in different species. Importantly, this review will mainly focus on the cytoplasmic tRNAs of eukaryotes. A recent review has extensively covered their bacterial and mitochondrial counterparts.(1)
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