Journal
RHEUMATIC DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
Volume 43, Issue 2, Pages 287-+Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2016.12.011
Keywords
Menopause; Systemic lupus erythematosus; Osteoarthritis; Rheumatoid arthritis
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Funding
- NIAMS NIH HHS [P30 AR053483, P50 AR060804] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [U54 GM104938] Funding Source: Medline
- BLRD VA [I01 BX001451] Funding Source: Medline
- VA [5I01BX001451-02, 547654] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
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Menopause occurs naturally in women at about 50 years of age. There is a wealth of data concerning the relationship of menopause to systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis; there are limited data concerning other rheumatic diseases. Age at menopause may affect the risk and course of rheumatic diseases. Osteoporosis, an integral part of inflammatory rheumatic diseases, is made worse by menopause. Hormone replacement therapy has been studied; its effects vary depending on the disease and even different manifestations within the same disease. Cyclophosphamide can induce early menopause, but there is underlying decreased ovarian reserve in rheumatic diseases.
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