Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW B
Volume 97, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.97.075432
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Funding
- Office of Naval Research [N00014-15-1-2671]
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative [GBMF4533]
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We derive the nonlinear optical conductivity of an isotropic electron fluid at frequencies below the interparticle collision rate. In this regime, governed by hydrodynamics, the conductivity acquires a universal form at any temperature, chemical potential, and spatial dimension. We show that the nonlinear response of the fluid to a uniform field is dominated by the third-order conductivity tensor sigma((3)) whose magnitude and temperature dependence differ qualitatively from those in the conventional kinetic regime of higher frequencies. We obtain explicit formulas for sigma((3)) for Dirac materials such as graphene and Weyl semimetals. We make predictions for the third-harmonic generation, renormalization of the collective-mode spectrum, and the third-order circular magnetic birefringence experiments.
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