Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Volume 28, Issue 1, Pages 53-59Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2017.11.008
Keywords
Coal mining; Surface movement; Subsidence; Uplift; Radar-interferometry
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After the mass closures of entire coal mine districts in Europe at the end of the last century, a new phenomenon of surface movement was observed-an upward movement. Although most surface movement (i.e., subsidence) occurs in the months and years after mining by the longwall method, surface movement still occurs many decades after mining is terminated. After the closure and flooding of underground excavations and surrounding rock, this movement was reversed. This paper focuses on quantifying the upward movement in two neighboring coal mines (Winterslag and Zwartberg, Belgium). The study is based on data from a remote sensing technique: interferometry with synthetic aperture radar (INSAR). The results of the study show that the rate of upward movement in the decade after closure is about 10 mm/year on average. The upward movements are not linked directly to the past exploitation directly underneath a location. The amounts of subsidence at specific locations are linked mainly to their positions relative to an inverse trough shape situated over the entire mined-out areas and their immediate surroundings. Local features, such as geological faults, can have a secondary effect on the local variation of the uplift. The processes of subsidence and uplift are based on completely different mechanisms. Subsidence is initiated by a caving process, while the process of uplift is clearly linked to flooding. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of China University of Mining & Technology. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
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