Journal
JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT GEOGRAPHY
Volume 66, Issue -, Pages 19-29Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2017.10.011
Keywords
Commuting; Urban cores; American time use survey; Self-employed workers; Employed workers
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Funding
- Spanish Ministry of Economics [ECO2012-34828]
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In this paper, we analyze the commuting behavior of workers in the United States, with a focus on the differences between employees and the self-employed. Using the American Time Use Survey for the years 2003-2014, our empirical results show that employees spend 7.22 more minutes per day commuting than their self-employed counterparts, which represents a difference of 17% of the average commuting time of employed workers. This is especially prevalent in non-metropolitan areas, and it also appears to depend on the size of the population of the area of residence. Our results suggest that there is a complex relationship between urban form and the commuting behavior of workers.
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