Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
Volume 138, Issue -, Pages 58-66Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.02.008
Keywords
Additivity; Mixture; Oxidative stress; Cytotoxicity; Type II pyrethroids
Funding
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain [UCM-BSCH/GR58/08, S2013/ABI-2728]
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Despite the widespread use of pyrethroid insecticides that led to common exposure in the population, few studies have been conducted to quantitatively assess dose-additive effects of pyrethroids using a funcional measure involved in the common toxic mode of action. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potency and efficacy of 6 Type II pyretroids (alpha-cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, cyphenothrin and esfenvalerate) to evoke induction of both nitric oxide and lipid peroxides levels measured as malondialdehyde in three in vitro models (SH-SY5Y, HepG2 and Caco-2 human cells) as well as to test the hypothesis of dose additivity for mixtures of these same 6 pyrethroids. Concentration-responses for 6 pyrethroids were determined as well as the response to mixtures of all 6 pyrethroids. Additivity was tested assuming a dose-additive model. The human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line was the most sensitive in vitro model. The rank order of potency for cell SH-SY5Y viability MIT assay was deltamethrin > cyphenothrin > lambda-cyhalothrin > cyfluthrin > esfenvalerate > alpha-cypermethrin. When 6 pyrethroids were present in the mixture at an equitoxic mixing ratio, the action on nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxides measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) production was consistent with a dose-additive model. The results of the present study are consistent with previous reports of additivity of pyrethroids in vivo e in vitro. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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