Journal
FRONTIERS IN SYSTEMS NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2018.00006
Keywords
dopamine; mushroom bodies; startle-induced negative geotaxis; neural circuits; Drosophila melanogaster
Categories
Funding
- PSL Research University
- Rotary Club/Federation pour la Recherche sur le Cerveau
- Labex MemoLife [ANR-10-LABX-54 MEMO LIFE]
- German Research Foundation [SFB 889/B4]
- Chinese Scholarship Council
- Labex MemoLife
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Startle-induced locomotion is commonly used in Drosophila research to monitor locomotor reactivity and its progressive decline with age or under various neuropathological conditions. A widely used paradigm is startle-induced negative geotaxis (SING), in which flies entrapped in a narrow column react to a gentle mechanical shock by climbing rapidly upwards. Here we combined in vivo manipulation of neuronal activity and splitGFP reconstitution across cells to search for brain neurons and putative circuits that regulate this behavior. We show that the activity of specific clusters of dopaminergic neurons (DANs) afferent to the mushroom bodies (MBs) modulates SING, and that DAN-mediated SING regulation requires expression of the DA receptor Dop1R1/Dumb, but not Dop1R2/Damb, in intrinsic MB Kenyon cells (KCs). We confirmed our previous observation that activating the MB alpha'beta', but not alpha beta, KCs decreased the SING response, and we identified further MB neurons implicated in SING control, including KCs of the gamma lobe and two subtypes of MB output neurons (MBONs). We also observed that co-activating the alpha beta KCs antagonizes alpha'beta' and gamma KC-mediated SING modulation, suggesting the existence of subtle regulation mechanisms between the different MB lobes in locomotion control. Overall, this study contributes to an emerging picture of the brain circuits modulating locomotor reactivity in Drosophila that appear both to overlap and differ from those underlying associative learning and memory, sleep/wake state and stress-induced hyperactivity.
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