Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Volume 205, Issue -, Pages 161-169Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.05.039
Keywords
Graphene oxide; Surface environment (cations, NOM, hydraulics); Aggregation; Resuspension; DLVO
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51308183, 51379060]
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China [BK20130828]
- Major Science and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2013B32214, 2014B07414]
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
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A series of experiments were performed to simulate the environmental behavior and fate of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs) involved in the surface environment relating to divalent cations, natural organic matter (NOM), and hydraulics. The electrokinetic properties and hydrodynamic diameters of GONPs was systematically determined to characterize GONPs stability and the results indicated Ca2+ (Mg2+) significantly destabilized GONPs with high aggregate strength factors (SF) and fractal dimension (FD), whereas NOM decreased aggregate SF with lower FD and improved GONPs stability primarily because of increasing steric repulsion and electrostatic repulsion. Furthermore, the GONPs resuspension from the sand bed into overlying water with shear flow confirmed that the release would be restricted by Ca2+ (Mg2+), however, enhanced by NOM. The interaction energy based on Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory verifies the aggregation and resuspension well. Overall, these experiments provide an innovative look and more details to study the behavior and fate of GONPs. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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