Journal
BRAIN SCIENCES
Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8020032
Keywords
antioxidants; growth factors; ischemia; lipid peroxidation; MAP kinases; neuroprotection; NGF; oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation injury; PC12 pheochromocytoma cells; stem cells
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Funding
- Grass Center for Drug Design and Synthesis of Novel Therapeutics
- David R. Bloom Center of Pharmacy
- Adolph and Klara Brettler Medical Research Center at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Gulton Foundation, NY. Adi Lahiani acknowledges with gratitude the assistance of a fellowship received from the Dalia and Eli Hurvitz Foundation, Israel.
- Gulton Foundation, NY
- Dalia and Eli Hurvitz Foundation, Israel
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This review surveys the efforts taken to investigate in vitro neuroprotective features of synthetic compounds and cell-released growth factors on PC12 clonal cell line temporarily deprived of oxygen and glucose followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R). These cells have been used previously to mimic some of the properties of in vivo brain ischemia-reperfusion-injury (IRI) and have been instrumental in identifying common mechanisms such as calcium overload, redox potential, lipid peroxidation and MAPKs modulation. In addition, they were useful for establishing the role of certain membrane penetrable cocktails of antioxidants as well as potential growth factors which may act in neuroprotection. Pharmacological mechanisms of neuroprotection addressing modulation of the MAPK cascade and increased redox potential by natural products, drugs and growth factors secreted by stem cells, in either undifferentiated or nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells exposed to ischemic conditions are discussed for future prospects in neuroprotection studies.
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