Journal
REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS
Volume 80, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa5170
Keywords
Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg-Majorana interference; quantum control; frequency modulation; topological phases and transitions; motional averaging and narrowing; superconducting qubits; artificial gauge fields
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Funding
- Finnish Academy of Science and Letters (Vilho, Yrjo and Kalle Vaisala Foundation)
- Alfred Kordelin Foundation
- National Graduate School of Materials Physics
- Army Research Office [W911NF-14-1-0011]
- NSF [DMR-1301798]
- Academy of Finland (Centre of Excellence in Computational Nanoscience) [251748, 284621]
- Academy of Finland [263457]
- Tauno Tonning foundation
- Academy of Finland (Center of Excellence in Low Temperature Quantum Phenomena and Devices) [250280]
- FQXi
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We review the physical phenomena that arise when quantum mechanical energy levels are modulated in time. The dynamics resulting from changes in the transition frequency is a problem studied since the early days of quantum mechanics. It has been of constant interest both experimentally and theoretically since, with the simple two-state model providing an inexhaustible source of novel concepts. When the transition frequency of a quantum system is modulated, several phenomena can be observed, such as Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg-Majorana interference, motional averaging and narrowing, and the formation of dressed states with the appearance of sidebands in the spectrum. Adiabatic changes result in the accumulation of geometric phases, which can be used to create topological states. In recent years, an exquisite experimental control in the time domain was gained through the parameters entering the Hamiltonian, and high-fidelity readout schemes allowed the state of the system to be monitored non-destructively. These developments were made in the field of quantum devices, especially in superconducting qubits, as a well as in atomic physics, in particular in ultracold gases. As a result of these advances, it became possible to demonstrate many of the fundamental effects that arise in a quantum system when its transition frequencies are modulated. The purpose of this review is to present some of these developments, from two-state atoms and harmonic oscillators to multilevel and many-particle systems.
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