Journal
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
Volume 80, Issue -, Pages 1256-1268Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.193
Keywords
Non-technical losses; Commercial losses; Electricity theft; Electricity fraud; Detection; Modeling; Estimation; Literature review
Funding
- FCT [SFRH/BDE/95414/2013]
- Novabase
- Program Investigador FCT from FCT [IF/00833/2014]
- European Social Fund (ESF) through the Operational Program Human Potential (POPH)
- FCT, through IDMEC, under LAETA [UID/EMS/50022/2013]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BDE/95414/2013] Funding Source: FCT
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This paper is a review of literature with an analysis on a selection of scientific studies for detection of nontechnical losses. Non-technical losses occurring in the electric grid at level of transmission or of distribution have negative impact on economies, affecting utilities, paying consumers and states. The paper is concerned with the lines of research pursued, the main techniques used and the limitations on current solutions. Also, a typology for the categorization of solutions for detection of non-technical losses is proposed and the sources and possible attack/vulnerability points are identified. The selected literature covers a wide range of solutions associated with non-technical losses. Of the 103 selected studies, 6 are theoretical, 25 propose hardware solutions and 72 propose non-hardware solutions. Data based classification models and data from consumption with high resolution are respectively required in about 47% and 35% of the reported solutions. Available solutions cover a wide range of cases, with the main limitation found being the lack of an unified solution, which enables the detedtion of all kinds of non-technical losses.
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