Journal
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Volume 45, Issue -, Pages 152-161Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2017.07.001
Keywords
Spoon test; Temporal reasoning; Planning; Memory; Preschoolers
Funding
- Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action Research Fellowship [657505]
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [657505] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
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Previous methodologies used to investigate future thinking (i.e., one-step spoon test) do not directly assess temporal reasoning. Consequently, the extent to which foresight is required to solve these tasks has been questioned. In the current study, 3-, 4- and 5-year-olds were presented with a two-step spoon test: to secure a future need (e.g., play with a marble run game), children first had to obtain a key that allowed them next to access the marbles. By the age of 4 children selected the key; however, it is only by the age of 5 that children reasoned about the temporal sequence of future events and selected the key. Temporal reasoning, memory for the past events and age significantly contributed to predict children's ability to select the correct item. These findings suggest that temporal reasoning is crucial to assess future thinking and that item-choice measures alone might not involve foresight.
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