4.6 Article

Wandering Supermassive Black Holes in Milky-Way-mass Halos

Journal

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
Volume 857, Issue 2, Pages -

Publisher

IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aabc0a

Keywords

Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics; quasars: supermassive black holes

Funding

  1. NSF award [AST-1514868]
  2. YCAA Prize Postdoctoral Fellowship
  3. Royal Society
  4. National Science Foundation [OCI-0725070, ACI-1238993, OCI-1144357]
  5. state of Illinois
  6. European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) [614199]
  7. Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
  8. Division Of Astronomical Sciences [1514868] Funding Source: National Science Foundation

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We present a self-consistent prediction from a large-scale cosmological simulation for the population of wandering supermassive black holes (SMBHs) of mass greater than 10(6) M-circle dot on long-lived, kpc-scale orbits within Milky Way (MW)-mass galaxies. We extract a sample of MW-mass halos from the ROMULUS25 cosmological simulation, which is uniquely able to capture the orbital evolution of SMBHs during and following galaxy mergers. We predict that such halos, regardless of recent merger history or morphology, host an average of 5.1 +/- 3.3 SMBHs, including their central black hole, within 10 kpc from the galactic center and an average of 12.2 +/- 8.4 SMBHs total within their virial radius, not counting those in satellite halos. Wandering SMBHs exist within their host galaxies for several Gyr, often accreted by their host halo in the early Universe. We find, with > 4 sigma significance, that wandering SMBHs are preferentially found outside of galactic disks.

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