Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE
Volume 72, Issue -, Pages 155-172Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.06.010
Keywords
Dynamic TOPMODEL; R; Gwy; Plynlimon; Distributed hydrological model
Categories
Funding
- JBA Trust [W12-1866]
- Centre for Global Eco-innovation (CGE) [132]
- NERC [NE/L010399/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/L010399/1, ceh010010] Funding Source: researchfish
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In 2001, Beven and Freer introduced a dynamic variant of TOPMODEL that addressed some of the limitations of the original model whilst retaining its computational and parametric efficiency. The original assumption of a quasi-steady water table was replaced by time-dependent kinematic routing within hydrological similar areas. The new formulation allows a more flexible discretisation, variable upslope drainage areas and spatially variable physical properties. There has, however, never been a freely distributable version of dynamic TOPMODEL. Here, we describe a new, open source, version developed in the R environment. It incorporates handling of geo-referenced spatial data that allows it to integrate with modern GIS. It makes use of data storage and vectorisation features of the language that will allow efficient scaling of the problem domain. The implementation is evaluated with data from a small catchment. The formulation of the model in terms of a flow distribution matrix is described and its use illustrated for treatment of surface and subsurface flow routing. The model uses an improved implicit solution for updating the subsurface storages and fluxes. The paper focuses on the robustness of the predicted output variables to changes in the time and space discretisations. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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