Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 18, Issue 9, Pages 2856-2867Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12995
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Funding
- University of Delaware Research Foundation
- NSF [MCB-1244373]
- National Science Foundation [0750966]
- National Science Foundation EPSCoR program [EPS-0814251]
- National Institutes of Health INBRE program from the National Center for Research Resources [2 P20 RR016472-09]
- Direct For Education and Human Resources
- Division Of Graduate Education [0750966] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1244373] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Office Of The Director
- Office of Integrative Activities [1301765, GRANTS:13883918] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The green sulfur bacteria, the Chlorobi, are phototrophic bacteria that oxidize sulfide and deposit extracellular elemental sulfur globules [S(0)]. These are subsequently consumed after sulfide is exhausted. S(0) globules from a Chlorobaculum tepidum mutant strain were purified and used to show that the wild-type strain of Cba. tepidum can grow on biogenic S(0) globules as the sole photosynthetic electron donor, i.e. in medium with no other source of reducing power. Growth yields and rates on biogenic S(0) are comparable with those previously determined for Cba. tepidum grown on sulfide as the sole electron donor. Contact between cells and S(0) was required for growth. However, only a fraction of the cell population was firmly attached to S(0) globules. Microscopic examination of cultures growing on S(0) demonstrated cell-S(0) attachment and allowed for the direct observation of S(0) globule degradation. Bulk chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry and SDS-PAGE indicate that Cba. tepidum biogenic S(0) globules contain carbon, oxygen and nitrogen besides S and may be associated with specific proteins. These observations suggest that current models of S(0) oxidation in the Chlorobi need to be revised to take into account the role of cell-S(0) interactions in promoting S(0) degradation.
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