4.1 Article

Fads3 modulates docosahexaenoic acid in liver and brain

Journal

Publisher

ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.07.001

Keywords

Fatty acid desaturase 3; Unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis; Docosahexaenoic acid; Brain growth; Elongation

Funding

  1. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements
  2. National Center for Complementary Integrative Health (NCCIH) [ROl AT007003]
  3. Multidisciplinary Postdoctoral Training Grant in Cardiovascular Research NIH [T32 HL0007224]

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Fatty acid desaturase 3 (FADS3) is the third member of the FADS gene cluster. FADS1 and FADS2 code for enzymes required for highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) biosynthesis, but FADS3 function remains elusive. We generated the first Fads3 knockout (1(0) mouse with an aim to characterize its metabolic phenotype and clues to in vivo function. All mice (wild type (WT) and KO) were fed facility rodent chow devoid of HUFA. No differences in overt phenotypes (survival, fertility, growth rate) were observed. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n3) levels in the brain of postnatal day 1 (P1) KO mice were lower than the WT (P < 0.05). The ratio of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3) to DHA in P1 KO liver was higher than in WT suggesting lower desaturase activity. Concomitantly, 20:4n-6 was lower but its elongation product 22:4n-6 was greater in the liver of P1 KO mice. P1 KO liver Parisi and Fads2 mRNA levels were significantly downregulated whereas expression levels of elongation of very long chain 2 (Elovl2) and E1ovl5 genes were upregulated compared to age-matched WT. No,triangle 13-desaturation of vaccenic acid was observed in liver or heart in WT mice expressing FADS3 as was reported in vitro. Taken together, the fatty acid compositional results suggest that Fads3 enhances liver-mediated 22:6n-3 synthesis to support brain 22:6n-3 accretion before and during the brain growth spurt.

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