Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Volume 284, Issue 1862, Pages -Publisher
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1223
Keywords
Hemiptera; phylogeny; evolutionary history; ancestral character state reconstruction; mitochondrial genome
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31372229, 31401991, 31420103902]
- National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB127600]
- Chinese Universities Scientific Fund [2017QC100, 2017QC066, 2017ZB002]
- University of Kentucky
- Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station [17-08-055]
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Hemiptera, the largest non-holometabolous order of insects, represents approximately 7% of metazoan diversity. With extraordinary life histories and highly specialized morphological adaptations, hemipterans have exploited diverse habitats and food sources through approximately 300 Myr of evolution. To elucidate the phylogeny and evolutionary history of Hemiptera, we carried out the most comprehensive mitogenomics analysis on the richest taxon sampling to date covering all the suborders and infra-orders, including 34 newly sequenced and 94 published mitogenomes. With optimized branch length and sequence heterogeneity, Bayesian analyses using a site-heterogeneous mixture model resolved the higher-level hemipteran phylogeny as (Sternorrhyncha, (Auchenorrhyncha, (Coleorrhyncha, Heteroptera))). Ancestral character state reconstruction and divergence time estimation suggest that the success of true bugs (Heteroptera) is probably due to angiosperm coevolution, but key adaptive innovations (e.g. prognathous mouthpart, predatory behaviour, and haemelytron) facilitated multiple independent shifts among diverse feeding habits and multiple independent colonizations of aquatic habitats.
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