Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 114, Issue 13, Pages 3364-3369Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620140114
Keywords
moire crystal; graphene; twisted bilayer; moire band; Hofstadter butterfly
Categories
Funding
- Semiconductor Research Corporation Nanoelectronics Research Initiative SWAN center
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [EECS-1610008, EECS-1607911]
- US Army Research Office [W911NF-14-1-0653]
- Samsung Corporation
- Welch Foundation [TBF1473]
- NSF [DMR-1157490]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Electrical, Commun & Cyber Sys [1607911] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Of Electrical, Commun & Cyber Sys
- Directorate For Engineering [1610008] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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According to electronic structure theory, bilayer graphene is expected to have anomalous electronic properties when it has long-period moire patterns produced by small misalignments between its individual layer honeycomb lattices. We have realized bilayer graphene moire crystals with accurately controlled twist angles smaller than 1 degrees and studied their properties using scanning probe microscopy and electron transport. We observe conductivity minima at charge neutrality, satellite gaps that appear at anomalous carrier densities for twist angles smaller than 1 degrees, and tunneling densities-of-states that are strongly dependent on carrier density. These features are robust up to large transverse electric fields. In perpendicular magnetic fields, we observe the emergence of a Hofstadter butterfly in the energy spectrum, with fourfold degenerate Landau levels, and broken symmetry quantum Hall states at filling factors +/-1, 2, 3. These observations demonstrate that at small twist angles, the electronic properties of bilayer graphene moire crystals are strongly altered by electron-electron interactions.
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