Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 114, Issue 5, Pages 846-851Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613525114
Keywords
vesicles; thermophoresis; DNA; lipid bilayers; lipid phase separation
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Funding
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/J017566/1]
- Oppenheimer Fund, Emmanuel College Cambridge
- Leverhulme Trust
- Isaac Newton Trust through an Early Career Fellowship
- EPSRC [EP/J017566/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [1231561, EP/J017566/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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Domain migration is observed on the surface of ternary giant unilamellar vesicles held in a temperature gradient in conditions where they exhibit coexistence of two liquid phases. The migration localizes domains to the hot side of the vesicle, regardless of whether the domain is composed of the more ordered or disordered phase and regardless of the proximity to chamber boundaries. The distribution of domains is explored for domains that coarsen and for those held apart due to long-range repulsions. After considering several potential mechanisms for the migration, including the temperature preferences for each lipid, the favored curvature for each phase, and the thermophoretic flow around the vesicle, we show that observations are consistent with the general process of minimizing the system's line tension energy, because of the lowering of line interface energy closer to mixing. DNA strands, attached to the lipid bilayer with cholesterol anchors, act as an exemplar cargo, demonstrating that the directed motion of domains toward higher temperatures provides a route to relocate species that preferentially reside in the domains.
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