Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 114, Issue 3, Pages 574-579Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1607215114
Keywords
neurodegeneration; tau; intracellular immunity; antibodies; immunoreceptors
Categories
Funding
- Medical Research Council [MC_U105184291, MC_U105181010, 1368839] Funding Source: researchfish
- Wellcome Trust [200594/Z/16/Z] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [MC_U105181010, MC_U105184291] Funding Source: UKRI
- Wellcome Trust [200594/Z/16/Z] Funding Source: Wellcome Trust
- Medical Research Council [U105181010, MC_U105181010, MC_U105184291] Funding Source: Medline
- Wellcome Trust [200594/Z/16/Z] Funding Source: Medline
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders are associated with the cytoplasmic aggregation of microtubule-associated protein tau. Recent evidence supports transcellular transfer of tau misfolding (seeding) as the mechanism of spread within an affected brain, a process reminiscent of viral infection. However, whereas microbial pathogens can be recognized as nonself by immune receptors, misfolded protein assemblies evade detection, as they are host-derived. Here, we show that when misfolded tau assemblies enter the cell, they can be detected and neutralized via a danger response mediated by tau-associated antibodies and the cytosolic Fc receptor tripartite motif protein 21 (TRIM21). We developed fluorescent, morphology-based seeding assays that allow the formation of pathological tau aggregates to be measured in situ within 24 h in the presence of picomolar concentrations of tau seeds. We found that anti-tau antibodies accompany tau seeds into the cell, where they recruit TRIM21 shortly after entry. After binding, TRIM21 neutralizes tau seeds through the activity of the proteasome and the AAA ATPase p97/VCP in a similar manner to infectious viruses. These results establish that intracellular antiviral immunity can be redirected against host-origin endopathogens involved in neurodegeneration.
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